ADE7768
Nonsinusoidal Voltage and Current
The real power calculation method also holds true for non-
sinusoidal current and voltage waveforms. All voltage and
current waveforms in practical applications have some
harmonic content. Using the Fourier transform, instantaneous
voltage and current waveforms can be expressed in terms of
their harmonic content.
ANALOG INPUTS
Channel V1 (Current Channel)
The voltage output from the current sensor is connected to the
ADE7768 here. Channel V1 is a fully differential voltage input.
V1P is the positive input with respect to V1N.
The maximum peak differential signal on Channel V1 should
be less than ±30 mV (21 mV rms for a pure sinusoidal signal)
v ( t ) = V 0 + 2 × ∑ V h × sin ( hω t + α h )
h ≠ 0
(2)
for specified operation.
V1
where:
+30mV
V1P
v(t) is the instantaneous voltage.
V 0 is the average value.
V CM
DIFFERENTIAL INPUT
± 30mV MAX PEAK
V1
V1N
V CM
i ( t ) = I O + 2 × ∑ I h × sin ( h ω t + β h )
V h is the rms value of voltage harmonic h.
α h i s the phase angle of the voltage harmonic.
h ≠ o
(3)
–30mV
COMMON-MODE
± 6.25mV MAX
AGND
Figure 18. Maximum Signal Levels, Channel V1
where:
i(t) is the instantaneous current.
I 0 is the dc component.
I h is the rms value of current harmonic h.
β h is the phase angle of the current harmonic.
Using Equations 2 and 3, the real power (P ) can be expressed in
terms of its fundamental real power (P 1 ) and harmonic real
power (P H ) as P = P 1 + P H
where:
Figure 18 shows the maximum signal levels on V1P and V1N.
The maximum differential voltage is ±30 mV. The differential
voltage signal on the inputs must be referenced to a common
mode, such as AGND. The maximum common-mode signal is
±6.25 mV.
Channel V2 (Voltage Channel)
The output of the line voltage sensor is connected to the device
at this analog input. Channel V2 is a fully differential voltage
input with a maximum peak differential signal of ±165 mV.
Figure 19 shows the maximum signal levels that can be
P 1 = V 1 × I 1 cos φ 1
(4)
connected to the ADE7768 Channel V2.
φ 1 = α 1 ? β 1
+165mV
V2
P H = ∑ V h × I h h
and
h ≠ 1
cos φ
(5)
V CM
DIFFERENTIAL INPUT
± 165mV MAX PEAK
COMMON-MODE
± 25mV MAX
V2
V CM
V2P
V2N
φ h = α h ? β h
In Equation 5, a harmonic real power component is generated
for every harmonic, provided that harmonic is present in both
the voltage and current waveforms. The power factor calcul-
–165mV
AGND
Figure 19. Maximum Signal Levels, Channel V2
ation has previously been shown to be accurate in a pure
sinusoid. Therefore, the harmonic real power must also
correctly account for the power factor, because it is made up
of a series of pure sinusoids.
Note that the input bandwidth of the analog inputs is 7 kHz at
the nominal internal oscillator frequency of 450 kHz.
Channel V2 is usually driven from a common-mode voltage,
that is, the differential voltage signal on the input is referenced
to a common mode (usually AGND). The analog inputs of the
ADE7768 can be driven with common-mode voltages of up to
25 mV with respect to AGND. However, best results are
achieved using a common mode equal to AGND.
Rev. A | Page 11 of 20
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